Lady Chatterleys Lover :: essays research papers

Lady Chatterleys buff The greatness of Lady Chatterleys Lover lies in a paradox it is simultaneously progressive and reactionary, juvenile and Victorian. It looks backwards towards a Victorian stylistic formality, and it seems to anticipate the social morality of the late 20th century in its frank engagement with explicit field of view matter and profanity. One might say of the novel that it is formally and thematically conservative, but methodologically radical.The easiest of these assertions to prove is that Lady Chatterleys Lover is "formally conservative." By this I mean that there are few evident differences between the form of Lady Chatterleys Lover and the form of the high-Victorian novels written fifty years earlier in terms of building in terms of narrative voice in terms of diction, with the exception of a very few "profane" words. It is important to record that Lady Chatterleys Lover was written towards the end of the 1920s, a decade which had seen exte nsive literary experimentation. The 1920s opened with the publishing of the formally radical novel Ulysses, which effect the stage for important technical innovations in literary art it made extensive use of the stream-of-consciousness form it condensed all of its action into a single 24-hour frustrate it employed any number of voices and narrative perspectives. Lady Chatterleys Lover acts in many ways as if the 1920s, and indeed the entire modernist literary movement, had never happened. The structure of the novel is conventional, tracing a small group of characters over an extended period of time in a single place. The rather preachy fabricator usually speaks with the familiar third-person omniscience of the Victorian novel. And the characters tend towards flatness, towards representing a type, rather than speaking in their own voices and developing real three-dimensional personalities.But surely, if Lady Chatterleys Lover is "formally conservative," it can hardly be ca lled "thematically conservative" After all, this is a novel that raised censorious hackles across the English-speaking world. It is a novel that liberally employs profanity, that more-or-less graphically--graphically, that is, for the 1920s it is important not to evaluate the novel by the standards of profanity and graphic sexuality that have become prevalent at the turn of the 21st century--describes sex and orgasm, and whose central message is the idea that sexual freedom and sensuality are far more important, more authentic and meaningful, than the cerebral life. So what can I mean by calling Lady Chatterleys Lover, a famously controversial novel, "thematically conservative"?

How to Write an Essay :: Process Essays

Process Essay - How to Write an EssayWriting a college bear witness can be a very difficult task. However, thereare techniques to help make this task easier. The indite process is a three gunpoint approach to planning and creating a college essay. These stages are knownas pre constitution, writing, and revising. If a student follows this process, shewill carry through a good paper.The first stage of the writing process is called prewriting. There arefive prewriting techniques that help generators to understand the topic and purposeof the writing assignment and limit the topic to a manageable and take overidea. The techniques are brainstorming, freewriting, diagramming, making a list,and preparing an outline. In brainstorming, you generate ideas for you writing.A writer might view a film and discuss or write their impressions, write a listof ideas for an essay, or discuss a topic with a group of students. You mightask yourself some questions such as What? Why? When? Where? How? a nd Who? Infreewriting, you write non-stop about a subject for a certain amount of time.Spelling or punctuation, mistakes, and finding exact words do not matter. Ithelps you to buy the farm a clearer picture of what you are trying you say. Diagrammingis helpful for people who think in a visual way. You can put your idea in acircle or block and branch off examples or other ideas pertaining to it. Thefourth technique is making a list. You list as numerous items you can that has arelation to your topic. Your goal is to make details and to gather as muchmaterial as possible so you have something to parachuting with when you go to writeyour paper. The last technique is preparing an outline. The thesis statementis clearly stated on the outline and a specific outline format is followed.Outlining gives you a sense of organization and allows you to see quickly if youhave enough support for your ideas. After the writer is done prewriting, shemoves on to the next step.The second stage for th e writing process is called writing. In thewriting phase, you make decisions about developing and organizing your ideasinto writing and discover what you know about the subject. Insights gained fromthe prewriting phase help shape ideas into meaning for yourself and others. Thewriter may prepare a rough draft, focusing on the purpose of the writing andchoosing a suitable form for a specific audience. You need a thesis to workwith first. The thesis will be your guide while you write your essay.

Max Weber on Society Essay -- Max Weber sociology sociological Essays

Max Weber on Society Max Weber was one of the worlds greatest sociologists and wrote a lot about the capitalistic world he lived in. He had a different conception of capitalist society than most of his contemporaries. He looked at capitalism from solely the different aspects that the philosophy was made of. Some of these aspects are state power, authority, class inequality, imperialism, and bureaucracy. To understand how Weber thought one must look at each area on an individual basis then put them all together in a global package. Weber describes history in terms of the constant struggle for power. He bases all significant historical changes on the power struggle that caused them. Weber describes power as a zero sum game. That means for one person to gain power, someone else has to loose the same amount of power. A fundamental aspect of the power struggle is the state, and its power. Weber states that the state is the monopoly of lawful force. The state is a dogmatic of power, and the laws within it are its powers to enforce its power. The main struggle for power is that of force verses authority. Force is power that can be used to get ones way, and authority is the legitimate use of power to rule. Within the struggle for power, Weber defines three forms of authority rational-legal authority, traditional authority, and charismatic authority. Rational-legal authority is anchored in impersonal rules that have been legally established. This caseful of has come to characterize...

Public Service Broadcasting Essay -- essays papers

Public Service BroadcastingFrom the establishment of the BBC in the late 1920s, British audiences were given the opportunity of taking part in a shared national experience and interest. Since that time, an apparent agreement has existed as to the general aims of broadcasting by the BBC which fell under the heading public dish out broadcasting. Although the BBC no longer enjoys a broadcasting monopoly, the promise to provide a mix of programming by which audiences may be educated as intimately as entertained has been emulated by the other terrestrial broadcasters, beginning with ITV in the 1950s. However, recent years mother shown a breakdown to this widespread agreement and the shape public renovation broadcasting now seems to exist as more of an amorphous notion than anything with a real concrete description. Perhaps because the term brings with it a number of complexities that serve to hinder the mission of public service broadcasting. How does one determine what someone el se should watch? What type of person would be making that purpose and does it have the potential to be elitist? Can a single broadcasting entity actually appeal to one mass audience in a gild as diverse as Britains? And does the concept of this national interest even exist at all? Its questions like these that bring to intellect potential problems with the programs broadcast by the BBC and indicate that there is a lot more imbedded in the concept of public service broadcasting than one magnate assume. For no matter how no matter how much its traditions purport to reach out to create a cohesion for a mass audience, public service broadcasting can also contribute to a very misrepresentative appearance of British society. One aspect of the television medium that is so unique is its pervasive nature on our lives. For many, it is not only the primary source of entertainment and information, but also of education. Therefore, in a public service sense it is prerequisite t o go beyond merely producing quality programs, even producing quality programs at peak hours that will attract a large audience. Rather, it also involves providing a steering for those activities which are best regarded as a common experience. Whether it be a the Wedding of Charles and Diana, a World Cup Football match, or news of a fateful event, television has a unique ability to generate a sense of c... ...s, rather than the audience that own the station. Its centralized monopoly can serve a censoring body and does not allow all voices in society to have a voice, although the BBC deems itself representative of a national institution. For this reason it cannot be confirm to have a mass audience pay for a license fee that may not be catering at all to their interests or culture and perhaps the only way to justify the programming of the BBC is by adopting a method of optional subscription fees. As far as it may have developed since the time of its founding, the BBC sti ll remains somewhat stuck to its original ideals which have made it impossible to become that national institution that it claims to be.BibliographyBritish Broadcasting Corperation. Our loyalty to You. London BBC Publications, 1998.Department of National Heritage. The Future of the BBC. London Department of National Heritage, 1994.Green, Damien. A Better BBC Public Service Broadcasting in the 90s. London centre of attention for Policy Studies England, 1991.MacCabe, Colin. The BBC and Public Service Broadcasting. London Manchester University Press, 1986.Madison, James. Federalist Paper No. 10

War of the Rats Essays -- David L. Robbins Literature Essays

state of war of the RatsWar of the Rats, written by David L. Robbins, and the movie Stalingrad, direct by Joseph Vilsmaier, are two excellent sources to be used in furthering ones understanding of the second world war and specifically the skirmish of Stalingrad. Both of these sources cover generally the same material. They both are dramas about the mesh of Stalingrad, yet each has their own unique perspective upon the war. These two sources bunghole be used together to increase ones knowledge on the subject at hand.War of the Rats, a book that has been recently create is basically a war inside of a war. It focuses more on a personal battle of two men then it does on the battle of Stalingrad on a whole. The book has four main characters and is mostly based on these people. Robbins seems more content on telling his drama he is uncover to the reader then giving actual historical accounts on the battle of Stalingrad. Robbins story starts out about the Russians skilled assass in, Army Chief Master police sergeant Visily Zaitsev. Zaitsev is a famed sniper, known for killing the opposing Germans with ease. The Germans realize how dangerous of a weapon Zaitsev is, and counter with their own master sniper, S.S. Colonel Heinz Throvald.Throvald is sent with one legation kill Zaitsev. Also included in the plot of Robbins book are Tania Chernova, Zaitsevs assistant, and Corporal Nikki Mood, a composite German soldier. Tanis Chernova and Vasily Zaitsev eventually fall in love. The novel eventually ends with the two master snipers, Throvald and Zaitsev, crossing each others paths. In somewhat of a cliffhanger, the book finishes off with both Throvald and Zaitsev putt crosshairs on each others head. Although it is very entert... ...ery educational. Both are based on factual events. War of the Rats is more about two individualist people than the actual war, but still gives a brief overview about the battle of Stalingrad. Stalingrad focuses on the suffe ring of the German soldiers and probably is more useful than the War of the Rats in the sense that it covers the actual war more. However, both are highly recommended and go hand in hand. One would probably understand the importance of the sulfur World War on the Eastern Front in world history most if he or she looked into both sources.Works CitedBeschner, M. George, and Alfred S. Friedman. Youth medicate Abuse. Toronto D.C. Heath, 1980.Dogan, Shamed. Legal Drinking Age Should Drop to 18. High Ground.com. 1997 February 14, 1997 Group Survey of 100 people. Should the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered to Eighteen? may 25, 2000

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich :: Ancient Rome Roman History

The Rise and Fall of the Third ReichThe Nazi party modify humansy people around the world with both the Holocaust and World War II. Hitler had a plan to exterminate all the Jews, and propelled this idea through the Holocaust putting Jews in concentration camps and killing them. Hitlers evil plan caused one of the worlds biggest tragedies, World War II. Adolf Hitler, who was the leader of the Nazis, was born in Austria just crossways the border from German Bavaria. Hitler would begin to read his fathers history books about Native Americans and how they were slaughtered along with reading about battles between the Germans and Russians. This would make him familiar to racism at an early age. Hitler did not get along with his father when he was young because his father wanted him to get into politics and he like drawing instead, scarcely he still got into art and the reason he started to hate Jews is because he could not sell his artwork but the Jews did (Shirer 3-14). Hitler still did business with Jewish defecate owners in selling his paintings, however, the seeds of hate were planted and would be nurtured by events soon to come, laying the foundation for one of the greatest tragedies in all of human history. Adolf became a drifter for several years after both his parents passed away. Hitler volunteered for the German Army and in his first engagement against the British and Belgians near Pyres, 2,500of the 3,000 men in Hitlers command were killed, wounded or missing. This war experience gave Hitler what he needed to one day be a successful military leader. Adolf Hitler joined the committee of the German Workers Party and entered politics. In the summer of 1920 Hitler chose the swastika for the National Socialist German Workers Party, for short Nazi. At what is known as The Beer Hall Putsch a man by the name Kahr was giving a speech in front of some 3,000 supporters of the Bavarian government. Hitler shot his pistol in the middle of Kahrs speech and shouted , The guinea pig revolution has begun. The revolution began when Hitler lied to the people saying the Bavarian Trumimvirate (Kahr, Lossow, and Seisser) had joined forces with him. When the people applauded the Bavarian Truimvirate joined him (Shirer 35). By the summer of 1923, the Nazi party had liberal to 150,000 members.

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich :: Ancient Rome Roman History

The Rise and Fall of the Third ReichThe Nazi party affected many people around the world through both(prenominal) the Holocaust and World War II. Hitler had a plan to exterminate all the Jews, and propelled this idea through the Holocaust putting Jews in concentration camps and killing them. Hitlers ugliness plan caused one of the worlds biggest tragedies, World War II. Adolf Hitler, who was the leader of the Nazis, was born in Austria just across the border from German Bavaria. Hitler would begin to read his fathers history books closely Native Americans and how they were slaughtered along with reading about battles between the Germans and Russians. This would make him familiar to racism at an early age. Hitler did not get along with his father when he was young because his father wanted him to get into politics and he like drawing instead, but he still got into art and the reason he started to nauseate Jews is because he could not sell his artwork but the Jews did (Shirer 3-14) . Hitler still did business with Jewish shop owners in selling his paintings, however, the seeds of hate were planted and would be nurtured by events soon to come, laying the foundation for one of the greatest tragedies in all of human history. Adolf became a drifter for several years after both his parents passed away. Hitler volunteered for the German Army and in his first engagement against the British and Belgians near Pyres, 2,500of the 3,000 men in Hitlers regiment were killed, wounded or missing. This war experience gave Hitler what he indispensable to one day be a successful military leader. Adolf Hitler joined the committee of the German Workers Party and entered politics. In the summer of 1920 Hitler chose the swastika for the National collective German Workers Party, for short Nazi. At what is known as The Beer Hall Putsch a man by the name Kahr was giving a speech in front of some 3,000 supporters of the Bavarian government. Hitler shot his pistol in the middle of Kahr s speech and shouted, The national revolution has begun. The revolution began when Hitler lied to the people saying the Bavarian Trumimvirate (Kahr, Lossow, and Seisser) had joined forces with him. When the people applauded the Bavarian Truimvirate joined him (Shirer 35). By the summer of 1923, the Nazi party had grown to 150,000 members.

The Shrouded Woman by Maria Luisa Bombal

Bombal with her bold disregard for simple realism in favor of a heightened humans in which the orthogonal founding reflects the internal truth of the characters feeling, and with her deliberate mingling of fantasy, memory and event is the precursor of the magical realism that is the flower of South Ameri backside writing today. . . .Her falsehoods careful a feeling of genuine discovery, of minds and hearts not borrowed from European literature but indigenous to a New World of thought and feeling moolah Tribune.Mara Luisa Bombal (Via del Mar, 6 July 1910 6 May 1980) was a Chilean authoress. Her hold now comes into a notice by themes of eroticism, surrealism and proto-feminism, and she towers over a excellent number of Latin American female authors whose works became famous. Bombal was one of the first Spanish American novelists to break away from the realist tradition in fiction and to issue in a highly individual and personal style, stressing irrational and subconscious themes (Delbanco 26).The Shrouded Woman, as well as other works is full of drama. In this work an authoress spares attention to much(prenominal) themes, as feminism and the life after death. A short falsehood is filled with senses and experiencing. She incorporated the secret inner world of her women protagonists into the mainstream of her novel. She added so much additional explanatory material to this novel. According to Women Writers of Spanish AmericaOne of the most outstand representatives of the avant-garde in Latin America. Her themes of erotic frustration, loving marginality, and cosmic transcendence must beconsidered as a profound expression of womens predicament presented through a feminine perspectiveIn her novel the reader sees almost everything through the eyeball or sensations of the protagonist, who feels things deeply. The story line is relegated to a lesser role. Poetry seems to flow from this crystalline prose, and Bombal uses repeated symbolic images (such as mist, rain, and wind) with good effect and in an elegant simple style. A reader incessantly knows what the author wants to say.In respect of this title the shrouded fair sex, a corpse which is looking on her life as she regards the people at her coffin.A dead woman estimates the visitors who come to view her body. thither is a number of intense. It is highly original short story. Bombals novels were promulgated in English in 1947 and 1948 but were altered significantly by the author to make them more commercially acceptable here (Delbanco 37).The Shrouded Woman examines female experience with stories of women who escape lonely, boring, and unfulfilled existences through fantasy and invented situations.In her novel Mara Luisa Bombal masterly compares the unknown and eerie kingdom of Death with concrete reality and real outward things. At the beginning of the novel, Ana Mara lies dead and is surrounded by those who once had a relationship with her. Although she is dead, Ana Mara c an still hear and see those who are mourning her. At the same time, while she lies in her coffin, the protagonist is led into the past as she recalls events significant to her life, and she enters the supernatural space of Death inhabited by mystic voices and uncanny landscapes. She relives her love affairs and family relationships with a final clarity and futile wisdom.In this evocative novel, a unite of mystical elements, new style of righting, and social criticism opens eyes on the fully artificially useless lives of upper-class women of the earlier twentieth century.A passionate woman and mother of three children, Ana Maria finds that in death her perceptions are amplified her emotions are fully realized. Her early beauty returns, and she see herself as pale, slender, and corrugated by time. In life she was imaginative, sensitive, intense, and facetious. She travels through the past and experiences her adolescent love for Ricardo (Delbanco 26).Ana Maria is in oblivion between l ife and death, and although she is dead to our world, she it possesses qualities of brio man still. She lies on her deathbed and she remembers the unit life. She recalls each of the people who come close to her. Her unhappy life doesnt allow her to die and rest peacefully. She must to release her anger and sadness in this world. She may die in peace and rest in the eternity only through her memories and seeing people at her deathbed.This novel shows all her suffering. The vote counter is Ana Maria herself, but in some separate of the novel the narration is from another person. So we have no main teller. It suggests us an idea that aim of Ana Maria is halved. From one side, her body, even dead, is present in the world of living. From another side, her soul in mystical way appears in the world of imprints of her own emotions. She feels such emotions as love and fear (Delbanco 26).This work has been seen by some commentators as a rather early example of Latin American feminist writ ing, pointing to the concerns of miscellaneous contemporary women authors. And undeniably there is a social dimension to fiction of, Mara Luisa Bombal dealing as it sooften does with family relationships and with women existing in a cabaret dominated by the worst type of macho males boorish, insensitive, indifferent or simply cruel. But read solely on a social level, her work seems somewhat simplistic and repetitious. One misses the elements that make her fiction distinctive the terse yet poetical prose, the dreamlike quality of the worlds she creates, the frequent use of natural elements to wake interior moods. It is certainly these features of her work, rather than its feminist thrust that have attracted Jorge Luis Borges, who contributes to this volume perhaps one of the shortest prefaces on record.As night was beginning to fall, slowly her eyes opened. Oh, a little, just a little, it was as if, hidden behind her long lashes, she was trying to see. And in the glow of the tal l candles, those who were keeping watch leaned forward to keep open the clarity and transparency in that narrow fringe of pupil death had failed to slim. With wonder and reverence, they leaned forward, tin- aware that she could see them, for she was seeing, she was feeling . . . (Bombal, 1948).Mara Luisa Bombal writes the monologue of the shrouded corpse of a woman who looks back on her restricted life in La amortajada. An excerpt Why does the nature of woman have to be such that she always has a man as the pivot of her life? (Delbanco 40).Perhaps, the point is that her life does rise, all too short-lively and lamely, above the germinal that the narrator is interrelating above all by her sister-in-law Regina, for whom she feels envious of her suffering, her tragic love affair, envying even the possibility of her death. By choosing to envy a melodramatic narrative of bourgeois adultery, rather than dwelling in her elemental pool, the narrator never achieves the true oblivion of Bom bals shrouded woman, never accedes to the immanence that Deleuze describes as a moment that is only of a life playing with death. There are many accidents of internal and external life inour way to death. It is very important to give way to an impersonal of our emotions during the whole life. Every event in our life is subjective or objective (Delbanco 30).The Shrouded woman is placed better than the narrator of The Final Mist. She at least has children, and servants and retainers she also has a personal history, modern excesses to recall and relate and she finds a strange power as she lies in her coffin, her dead form the object of attention, remorse, and regret, while she awaits the death of the dead that follows the death of the living.The Shrouded Woman is a story of frustrated desire, of languor and ennui, of a life that is no more than germinal, that never rises above the habitual except in the narrators picture fantasy, cruelly dashed by the reality principle (Delbanco 30). The Shrouded Woman is the emergence of feminism in Latin American literature. With the keen interest in the feminist movement in later years, her works were read and commented on more widely. In The Shrouded Woman Bombals social position is luminal at best. She is in limbo.Some parts of the novel dont bring an inspiration, but some of them are excellent. It enforces you to brood on over what happens after death. The novella, The Shrouded Woman is an extraordinary work. It consists of small chapters. It is the story of a woman who finds herself newly dead. We can hear this story from the point of view of the main hero herself. All the members of her life bring their particle of competency to die. Her family brought some love and the sense of fault. Friends brought to her a particle of friendship. Her lovers brought to her happy and sadness. All of them stand by her deathbed and bring their pieces of her life with them.Works cited1. Bombal, Maria-Luisa. The Shrouded Woman. New York F arrar, Straus and Company, 19482. Delbanco, Steven. Bombal Her Life and Work. New York Knopf, 2005

Giving Someone a Chance Essay

In the short story War society by Louis Lamour there were some(prenominal) down sides to the story. many a(prenominal) people you can say they are afraid scared, or just do not like or want change. In the play manna from heaven on Sycamore Street by Reginald Rose, some people are not willing to give chance. They just criticize someone based on their past. In the short story War Party and in the play Thunder on Sycamore Street they are alike in many ways because it is each(prenominal) well-nigh not seeing how would that person feel and that some people do not care. It is really kind of just about them and them only. Nothing is wrong about being different. It is about whether you will accept it and trying, believing and letting something new into your life. Everyone should be treated the same. In War Party a women named Ma was treated differently because she can speak two languages. In these three quotes it says Folks hate something they dont understand or anything seems different , We dont want no Injuns in this outfit Mr. White shouted, ma said I am not an Indian, although I should not be ashamed of it if I were.They have many admirable qualities. However, you need worry yourselves no longer, as we part company in the morning. I have no desire to travel further with you. These quotes represent that a woman is standing up for herself and what she believes in. She will not let someone throw off her down. One the other hand others are yelling and saying that they do not want someone different from them. They believe It is disrespectful and that Ma skill be talking bad about them. In Thunder on Sycamore Street it shows in this quote how a man can b judged based on his past Frank Morrison and Charlie Denton have learned that their new neighbor, Joe Blake, is an ex-convict. They persuade the residents of Sycamore Street, including Arthur and Phyilis Hayes, to come together I running the Blake family out of town. import that because Joe was an ex-prisoner and p eople are afraid he might do something to harm them.However, people do not understand the fact that he is changing and acquiring his life back on track. The difference between War Party and Thunder on Sycamore Street is how the main characters have expressed themselves (their actions). In War Party, Ma packed her bags and left to some other place. Although, in Thunder on Sycamore Street, Joe stood his ground and stayed. Everyone expresses themselves differently but it alike shows the type of person they are. However, people should not judge them on what they have done unless they are still doing it. People should also respect them and leave them alone. nevertheless give them a chance and may be just may be you might change your mind about them. They are not all bad.

Energy Production Opportunities From Community Waste Water Environmental Sciences Essay

In 2002 and 2003, the late Richard Errett Smalley ( 1943-2005 ) , Nobel Laureate in Chemistry ( 1996 ) , devised a list of the 10 most urgent affairs confronting humanity in the following decennaries 1 . Clean H2O was ranked as the 2nd most of import challenge for world. The ideal that Smalley apply to rank these jobs was their impact on other facets of human life. Water straight influences critical countries such as wellness and sanitation, resource efficiency and the aegis of the environment. Urban H2O ingestion varies in the main from over 1 Ts per capita in developed states larger metropoliss to simply 3 L in the 3rd earthly concern s urban countries 2 . In the US, approximately 3 % of the one-year goose egg ingestion ( 75,000 to 100,000 GWh a twelvemonth ) is used to handle H2O and fantastic H2O in municipal installations 3 .In the peculiar instance of efficient foul up H2O intervention, it is interesting that the cardinal literally lies in the job itself molde r H2O contains 9 times more strength than is used to handle it 4 . This means that H2O has a antic renewable potency, detail which is of great relevancy for a proper ecological record and for countries where clean H2O is simply b bely available.A twosome of methods for roll uping energy from waste H2O have been tried with assorted grades of success. Biogas production through the agitation of organic affair is the most normally used method and presently has a recovery efficiency of approximately 40 % 5 , 6 . Sludge incineration is besides used in order to dispose of solid affair and fetch thermal energy for intervention workss 6 . Rearward osmosis, which has proven its efficiency in handling salt H2O, late entered use for cleaning industrial waste H2O 7 .Apart from these conventional methods, several new attacks have been studied, taking at a better energetic efficiency. The Microbial Fuel Cells ( MFCs ) are at the head of these fresh promotions 8 . A MFC typically w orks this manner at the anode the organic affair is oxidized by micro-organisms the negatrons so motivity through an external conductive wire to the cathode, therefore bring forwarding electrical energy, while protons are transferred through a proton-exchange membrane. At the cathode, the negatrons combine with the protons and with O from the atmosphere and form clean H2O. For the clip being, development is still in an early phase and important work has to be done for obtaining designs that can do MFCs executable for all-out applications. The simplified theoretical account of a MFC is shown in realise 1.Another possibility for H2O purification, already in usage as a desalinization engineering, is utilizing solar energy in a solar-still of assorted forms and designs Figure 2 9 .2. Short description of Buzau waste H2O intervention unitI was very excited by the proposed subject and so I decided to see with my ain eyes a waste H2O intervention unit. I chose the moulder Water Treatment Unit from the metropolis of Buzau ( WWTUB ) , as it corresponds to European Council Directive 10 , and I was given all the necessary information and the chance to hit exposures of the chief constituents of the installing. In the Figure 3 the chief constituents of the unit are presented.The station is designed to function an tantamount population of 235,000, handling more than 72,000 m3/ daylight of waste H2O. Under certain conditions conditions, a overtone intervention of up to 120,000 m3/day is possible. The station treats waste H2O, pluvial H2O and industrial H2O after partial intervention.At this clip, WWTUB is handling about 22,000 m3/day of waste H2O ensuing in about 200 m3/day of sludge. The electrical energy necessary is 6,628 kW/day for H2O and 212 kW/day for sludge, ensuing in a monthly ingestion of about 212,040 kilowatts. From the biogas that is obtained about 72,540 kilowatts are produced each month, guaranting all thermic energy that is needed for the sur gical functioning of sludge treating and for internal usage. From the appraisals of the proficient staff, when the Cogeneration station willing be connected to the National Electrical Network, the sum of produced energy will be significantly increased.The chief stairss in the intervention procedure are presented in the Figure 4 and include Primary intervention harsh privacy of big objects all right screen of big suspensions, littorals, and lubricating oil primary desex. Secondary intervention consists of biologic intervention through activated sludge and O extract through aeration. After the secondary deposit, 75 % of the sludge is sent back into the circuit, while the remainder of 25 % plus the sludge from the primary deposit is operated on ( through thickener, anaerobiotic digestion and centrifugal desiccation ) ensuing in biogas and solid mass ( fertiliser ) . The biogas is used to obtain electrical and thermic energy through a cogeneration system or a thermic station. Ter tiary intervention has the intent of extinguishing extra compounds ( N and P ) and to disinfect the H2O. The liquidation of N is done biologically by nitrification and subsequent denitrification, which transforms the nitrate into N, which is sent into the ambiance. Phosphorus riddance is performed chemically. The resulting H2O is sent into the Buzau River.3. Practical persuasions for energy efficient participation waste H2O interventionFrom the showing of scientific literature, there is clearly an huge energetic potency in waste H2O. Unfortunately, up to this twenty-four hours this potency has been mostly underused, usual waste H2O interventions, although critical, being energy-consuming procedures. As depicted in the simplified diagram of an usual waste H2O intervention works ( Figure 5a ) , there are at least six stairss that require energy, for merely one measure that can bring forth thermic and electrical energy.As mentioned in the de tho portion, the two methods that retaine d my attending were the Microbial Fuel Cell ( MFC ) and Solar Distillation ( SD ) . Even if these methods are in their early phases of development, and may be for the clip being unproductive, they do hold the possible to boom in the hereafter. My thought consists in uniting these methods in what I have named A intercrossed MFC-SD waste H2O intervention works and turn the separate restrictions of both methods into a cumulated advantage. Although such a intercrossed works affecting MFCs and solar stills would still necessitate electrical energy to run ( for all pumping operations ) , we can safely presume that this sort of works will hold a lower ingestion of energy and it could besides bring forth plenty electrical power to prolong itself. As it can be seen by comparability Figures 5a and 5b, the energy consuming/ energy bring forthing stairss ratio is 5/4 ( for the intercrossed works ) , a much better ration than 6/1 ( for the usual works Figure 5a ) .There are several advantage s of this type of works, schematically represented in Figure 5b, that will be discussed individually for MFCs and solar distillment operations.3.1. Microbial fuel cells and plat-microbial fuel cell operationsSince MFCs and Plant Microbial Fuel Cells ( PMFCs ) 11 require organic affair to feed the micro-organisms ( chiefly anaerobiotic bacteriums, such as Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens ) , after a first harsh separation of big mechanical drosss, the waste H2O is introduced in the first MFC, where, at the homogeneous time with the bacterial debasement of organic affair and subsequent production of electricity, the aqueous slurry is thinning. After the first measure of solar vaporization, the staying slurry has concentrated plenty to be submitted to a 2nd MFC intervention where staying organic affair is farther decomposed by the same bacterium. The staying sludge after a 2nd solar distillment is used as food for the PMFC unit, where farther energy is produced. T he PMFC unit serves besides as a babys room for bacterial population that is used to sow MFCs 1 and 2, but besides as filter to retain CO2 evolved in the MFCs. Indeed, in order to minimise the cost of the runing units, graphite electrodes can be used, the C wakeful transforming itself in CO2. Thus, evolved CO2 in MFCs 1 and 2 will function a dual intent one as portion of the photosynthetic procedure in phytoplankton, algae and aquatic flora in the PMFC, and another one as hydrogen carbonate anion ( HCO3- ) , functioning as a scavenger for unfathomed metals. However, there are already surveies covering with the decrease of CO2 emanations 12 . In Figure 6, a PMFC is intuitively represented. The construct of MFCs is comparatively new ( little than a decennary old ) , but at that place already are rivals in the immature market of industrial and semi-industrial microbic cells, such as the Israel-based company, suggestively named Emefcy Co.3.2. Solar distillment operationsThe chi ef advantage of this operation is obtaining pure H2O at lower costs, a H2O that does nt necessitate a subsequent biological or chemical auxiliary purification measure. A proper design of the solar still could speed up the vaporization and H2O roll uping procedure 13 . An advantage of solar distillment is that it can besides disinfect the waste H2O, since most micro-organisms are sensitive toward UV radiation 14 ( that is the underseal for which after the SD measure, waste H2O must be re-inseminated with microbic populations from the PMFC ) . However, a certain disadvantage could originate from the muddle and operating hours of these units. On the other manus, if the location permits it, before its discharge in next watercourses, this H2O could be used to bring forth more electricity in a micro-hydroelectrical works.4. DecisionIn my sentiment, the high energy potency of waste H2O must be regarded in position and with trust in adult male s possible to bring forth efficient solut ions. Bearing this in head, we must excite research on utilizing this possible and use the consequences on a graduated table that is going larger and larger. This is the lone manner we will accomplish better practical solutions and lower costs. There have been infinite jobs in world s history that seemed unattainable to be solved in an efficient and economical mode. However, we have ever managed, through wonder and doggedness, to happen inexpensive solutions that could be applied at a big graduated table. Take the computing machine, for case. Who would hold thought a twosome of decennaries ago that this machine, that used to make full an full room and was merely accessible to some, would of all time turn out to be literally at manus for about anyone. I am certain that, with the right support, my thought of sublimating H2O utilizing Microbial Fuel Cells and Solar Distillation can go a world excessively

An Information Technology System For a School Essay

ANALYSISTo aid in investigation of the problem, two interviews were carried proscribed. One was with the school principal, and the some other with the school administrator.In preparation of the interviews a list of topics for discussion was drawn up, and included these checkpoints* What the new placement hopes to achieve, exactly.* The problems in the current musical arrangement.* The methods currently occupied to enter data into the musical arrangement.* The information that is required per file, i.e., for severally student what fields leave hurl to be input.* The format of the required output.* The volume of data expected, e.g., how many another(prenominal) students ar expected to enroll, or how many new teachers forget be required.* Any hardware or software constraints, such as the new organisation only being able to run with a particular operating system. reference 1This interview was with the schools principal, Mrs. Monica Stakich. It alikek place in her office, on appointment, and was as followsQ Mrs. Stakich, your school has built up quite a reputation of excellence over the years as shown by its grades. How do you intend to keep abreast this?A Well, the school has always prided itself on its academic achievements, and this is due to our students being dedicated in their studies, which shows itself in the superior grades. We will be fine if we piece of ass continue this trend.Q You are shifting to new custom-built premises and are also expanding your range of activities offered. Why have you made this decision?A We are changing our status to an sure A take Center. As such, we will need the appropriate facilities to meet the requirements for this standard. Also, the school expects a significant increase in enrolments at both O and A Levels, so the space is demand to provide for these new students.Q How many students do you currently have in your constitution? And how many do you expect to enroll in the future?A The school currently c aters to a population of around 2500 students, but we expect an inflow of around 1000 students next year.Q How do you access a file of a student or a teacher? Do you find it yourself on your computer or does the secretary do it for you?A I can access files of both students and customers from my own PC, as well as any other file, such as stationery, electricity bills, etc. But I essential also focus more on the task of running the school itself, so I usually let my secretary handle all the files. She herself gets these files from the school system administrator. I only check a file myself if we need to lot carefully the person, or file in question, for example a teacher for an important position.Q convey you very much for your time, Mrs. Stakich.A Youre welcome.Analysis of the InterviewThe interview, on analysis, showed the school to be result-driven, as indicated by the Headmistresss comments. But more importantly, it also showed that she did not focus on the file input and con valescence system in particular herself, and on the schools information system in planetary. The actual file control and handling was carried out by the system administrator, who could provide us with insight of the current systems workings.Interview 2An interview was arranged with Mr. Mark Glasse, the system administrator, in his office.It proceeded as followsQ How long have you been working here, Mr. Glasse?A Its been around four years since I started wok for the school.Q How many times has the system been updated since you started work?A Weve updated thrice so far.Q What changes had been made during these updates?A Well, once we had to increase our disk space to around 10 GB to cope with increased student information on wellness Cards, as was required by a new Government law. Another time we had to modify our input procedure, it being too manual, with almost unnecessary paperwork involved, so we had to purchase new input devices.And there was also the time when we had to call in a professional security company to install anti-hacking programs when our database was actually hacked into.Q What input devices do you work with? How is output shown?A I use a keyboard, a mouse, a web-camera and a digital scanner as input devices. Output is displayed on a monitor, or on a plotter as is appropriate. And, of course, I often have to print out some files using a laser printer.Q And your system configuration?A I use a Pentium 2, 333 MHz Processor, with 32 MB RAM, 4 GB hard disk with Windows 98 as my operating system. I also have other software such as MS Visual Studio and MS Office 2000 installed on my computer.Q Mr. Glasse, what is the general procedure that you follow if you were asked to, for example, update a file?A First of all, I would have to get an approved notice from someone in an dogmatic position, for example the Headmistress, or the Head Administrator. This note would be attached to a Modification clay showing details of the file that needs to be update d. The liberty slip has to be filed into a drawer in my desk, and I just have to access the file using the code given on the Form and change the required fields. I have the Menu on my Desktop, Mrs. Stakich and I are the only ones who know the Password so Ive never ideal about changing it, once in the records I go to the Search Command to call up the file in question, and make the changes required. On exiting the database, I go have to fill out another form, a Proof Form, as it is known as, to acknowledge my action. This form then returns to the top-level to the individual who initially authorized it.Q How often do errors occur using this procedure?A As you can see, the system is designed in such a way that carrying out the procedure makes it prone to errors. Were still lucky to have a few students and teachers, basically crushed files is what I mean to say, which do not have to be updated too often, so they arent too many mistakes. Even if there are, they can easily be located an d corrected due to the small size of our database.Q OK, now what about the plus points of this system? For example, is it easy to use? Is it efficient? Do you feel that you yourself are performing at an optimum level with this system?A Ill have to think this question over. Yes, for sure it is easy to use. I just have to type in an identifier code for each record, and the particular record is searched for and displayed. Its that simple. I dont think its efficient though. As the number of files increases the system takes longer and longer to search the database to produce the results I was looking for. It only follows that I myself feel I am under-performing at my job, as some time will definitely be wasted in waiting for results.Q Are you satisfied with the system performing only these functions?A Yes, I am. I would like it to be faster though, and even up-to-date, technologically speaking.Q Thank you, Mr. Glasse, for your cooperation. Youve been a great help.A The pleasure was all m ine.Analysis of the InterviewThis interview was more enlightening than the one with Mrs. Stakich, for we were able to focus on the technical side of the schools database system. Certain glaring shortcomings of the current system came to light, such as a very limited database size, as indicated by the system being upgraded the first time. This further tells us that the system itself, with all its components, is out-of-date. In such a state, it may also be incompatible with other systems, should it be desired to connect to these for data exchange purposes. Another significant weakness is the fact that the third upgrade was for security reasons, which content that the Password Protection was initially low.Mr. Glasse also said that it takes longer to search for a required field if there are many records this is only fair, but there arent too many records right now, so we can expect the system to have some sort of linear search function in operation, unsuitable for plumping databases . The program, although performing just a few briny functions, is slow, again pointing to its near obsoleteness. Its low productivity has an effect on the human element involved, as Mr. Glasse himself feels as if he has not fully achieved his full potential. Lack of motivation could cause further falls in productivity. The system also has standard input devices (mouse and keyboard), as well as standard output devices (printer, scanner and plotter), needed to process data and produce the desired results. The system also runs on a fair fast processor, as given by the computers configuration. However it is unlikely that the system uses any of the other software packages (apart from the Windows 98 operating system) so these, as powerful as they are, arent being utilized.MAIN WEAKNESSES OF CURRENT arrangementBased on the knowledge gained in these interviews, it is possible to finalize the main shortcomings of the system currently in use* Small disk space.The disk space use for storage of data is relatively small as it needed to be upgraded beforehand. With all the new enrolments expected, as well as other related increases, such as electricity and water, teachers salaries, etc the available disk space will not be sufficient.* Poor security level.Security forms an important part of any system, and the fact that the database was hacked into shows just how weak security really is. The password used seems to be outdated and it is likely that people other than those authorized know it. Laxed security is especially important here as we are dealing with the ad hominem records of students and teachers, not to mention important transactions such as total fees received, expenses, and so on. So security, despite being of paramount importance, isnt given the antecedence it should be.* InconvenienceThe normal procedure to accomplish a single task is lengthy and time-consuming. It also involves unnecessary paperwork. This would exhibit itself as delays in processing, as a si ngle instruction would have to be passed through many stages before being received by the sender once again as feedback.* primary obsoleteness.As seen from the interview, Mr. Glasse uses a relatively fast processor. Despite this speed, we still find that the speed of running the system is slow especially when new records are added. This means that the components of the system itself are slow and outdated. This weakness especially comes into focus when we consider the fact that nowadays systems are rarely independent. One system has to be machine-accessible to at least one more system, with data exchange taking place between these. However, if their speeds are not compatible they will not be able to function at their optimum level. If the system were to exchange information over the Internet then this incompatibility could become a problem.OBJECTIVES OF THE NEW SYSTEM1) To provide quick access to the files in the database. Many files will now be in the system and it is necessary th at they be reached right away.2) To maintain a higher(prenominal) level of security. This ensures that the database is viewed and controlled only by those who have the proper authority to do so.3) To minimize red tape involved in making changes to the records. The previous system involved a lot of paperwork and proved to be costly in terms of time (therefore money), so this new system aims to reduce that by quickly and efficiently processing an instruction.4) To be user-friendly. Step-by-step guidance ensures that the user can easily find his way around the database to perform the desired task.A flow chart of how data would be passed along the new system is as followsSYSTEM REQUIREMENTSStandard input devices, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a scanner and a web-camera will be needed for this system to operate (the mouse and keyboard are the main ones, the others for inputting photos and such graphics). Output devices will be plotters and printers.Hardware The central processing unit r equirement for this system include at least 100 MHz Pentium processor and 16 MB RAM.Software It is necessary to have an operating system such as Windows 98 as well as MS Visual Basic program installed, as this is the front-end program to be used for this system, with gateway 7.0 being the back-end program.The user will be Mr. Glasse, and his computer already exceeds the requirements for this system to function efficiently. His IT skills will also be relevant since he already has MS Office 97 installed he will already know the basics behind Access 7.0 and should find no problem in entering the data.It must be remembered that the system to be developed is intended to replace the outdated system in current use. The current system is slow, inefficient and incompatible. Its replacement will be better than it in all these respects, and should bring the database up to the level of technology today.